4-OHA is a skin depigmenting agent with moderate efficacy and may be used for the treatment of hyperpigmentary disorders such as melasma and freckles. This agent decreases the number of melanin producing cells in the skin and can whiten the skin to a considerable degree. However, one should be aware of possible side effects such…
The addition of 0.01% tretinoin to 4-OHA is shown by several studies to significantly enhance the skin depigmenting effect of 4-OHA. This combination is a very potent skin depigmenting formula and is used for the treatment of liver spots (senile lentigo). Liver spots are usually very resistant to depigmenting agents and are very hard to…
Arbutin is a hydroquinone derivative found in the bearberry extract. This agent was long believed to act as a depigmenting agent. However, there are no human or even animal studies that confirm the efficacy of arbutin as a skin whitener. In addition, recent in vitro studies have cast doubt on its efficacy as a depigmenting…
Cysteamine Cream is the only depigmenting cream which contains Cysteamine Hydrochloride as an active ingredient. This dermatologist-developed cream can be used: to unify the color (colour) of the skin when irregularities of pigmentation are present. to prevent new dark spots from appearing. Presentation The Scientific Evidence of its Efficacy Before Cysteamine. After 3 weeks. User Guide…
Acne Vulgaris – 1971 [Complications in a case of acne conglobata]. Ström S. Lakartidningen. 1971 Dec 15;68(51):5976-80. Swedish. Acne vulgaris and psychologic impact on high school students. Schachter RJ, Pantel ES, Glassman GM, Zweibelson I. N Y State J Med. 1971 Dec 15;71(24):2886-90. Acneiform eruption from tetracycline. Bean SF. Br J Dermatol. 1971 Dec;85(6):585-6. Intralesional…
Acne Vulgaris – 1970 [Acne in soldiers]. Heinke E. Munch Med Wochenschr. 1970 Dec 25;112(52):Suppl 52:3. German. [Physical skin measurements in acne and pyoderma]. Ude P. Cosmetologica. 1970 Dec 20;19(11-12):411-6. German. [Efficacy of Non-ovlon in female patients with acne vulgaris]. Klinger G, Reich P, Hempel E. Z Arztl Fortbild (Jena). 1970 Dec 1;64(3):1202-5. German. Prevalence…
AZA is a dicarboxylic acid synthesized by the fungus Malassezia fur fur. Cutaneous infection with this fungus causes a significant and long lasting depigmentation in the affected areas, which is believed to be induced by AZA. AZA is an inhibitor of the enzyme tyrosinase, the key melanogenic enzyme in melanocytes. When applied to the skin…
Intralesional immunotherapy of common warts: successful treatment with mumps, measles and rubella vaccine. Nofal A, Nofal E. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2010 Feb 25. Common warts are a nuisance in which they are visible, their cause is known; but despite numerous treatments available, none of them have shown to be 100% effective. As a…
Hydroquinone (HQ) is the most widely used skin depigmenting agent. This agent has a moderate skin depigmenting effect and acts by reducing the number of melanin synthesizing cells in the epidermis. Formulations containing up to 2% HQ are allowed by FDA to be used for skin whitening in normal individuals. These formulations can be purchased…
This product is known as Benoquin. Benoquin is a very potent skin whitener and may cause complete and permanent skin depigmentation. Benoquin must never be used on normal skin to produce a white complexion nor is it allowed to be utilized for the treatment of hyperpigmentary disorders as melasma, freckles, liver spots… The sole indication…
