Hydroquinone (HQ) Mechanism of action: hydroquinone inhibits activated tyrosinase activity (therefore it does not act on normal skin). A word on available concentrations: 2%: often ineffective 3-5%: good bleaching agent 6-10%: higher concentrations can cause irritation Side effects: Contact dermatitis (Both Allergic and Irritant) Nail Discoloration Exogenous Ochrnosis can rarely occur in dark skin individuals…
DetailsHydroquinone (HQ) Mechanism of action: hydroquinone inhibits activated tyrosinase activity (therefore it does not act on normal skin). A word on available concentrations: 2%: often ineffective 3-5%: good bleaching agent 6-10%: higher concentrations can cause irritation Side effects: Contact dermatitis (Both Allergic and Irritant) Nail Discoloration Exogenous Ochrnosis can rarely occur in dark skin individuals…
DetailsTreatment of Melasma (Chloasma) (Pregnancy Mask) Available treatments can be classified into the following: Phenolic: Hydroquinone (HQ), Kojic acid, N-acetylglycosamine (inhibits the glycolization of tyrosinase) Non Phenolic: Azelaic Acid, Retinoids, N-acetylcysteine Compound: Kligman’s formula… Contributors: Dr Christophe HSU – dermatologist. Geneva, Switzerland Bibliography: Katsambas A. Melasma: Pathogenesis and Treatment. 70e Réunion annuelle de l’AAD (American…
DetailsTreatment of Melasma (Chloasma) (Pregnancy Mask) Available treatments can be classified into the following: Phenolic: Hydroquinone (HQ), Kojic acid, N-acetylglycosamine (inhibits the glycolization of tyrosinase) Non Phenolic: Azelaic Acid, Retinoids, N-acetylcysteine Compound: Kligman’s formula… Contributors: Dr Christophe HSU – dermatologist. Geneva, Switzerland Bibliography: Katsambas A. Melasma: Pathogenesis and Treatment. 70e Réunion annuelle de l’AAD (American…
DetailsRecognizing melasma Melasma can be epidermal, dermal or mixed However, Wood’s light does no reliably define the depth of pigment Reflectance confocal microscopy is a more definitve method of doing so. Clinical Assesment of melasma is done through MASI (Melasma Area Severity Index) Melasma (Chloasma) (Pregnancy Mask): Differential Diagnosis: Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) Drug-induced (minocycline…) Frictional…
DetailsRecognizing melasma Melasma can be epidermal, dermal or mixed However, Wood’s light does no reliably define the depth of pigment Reflectance confocal microscopy is a more definitve method of doing so. Clinical Assesment of melasma is done through MASI (Melasma Area Severity Index) Melasma (Chloasma) (Pregnancy Mask): Differential Diagnosis: Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) Drug-induced (minocycline…) Frictional…
DetailsHow is melanin produced ? (melanin is the principal pigment giving to the skin its colour) Tyrosinase is normally inactive and is produced through the transcription of the tyrosinase gene Glycolization (attachment of a sugar) of tyrosinase activates it. Glycolization is induced by sunlight, irritation, hormones, radicals… Activated tyrosinase then converst the amino acid tyrosine…
DetailsHow is melanin produced ? (melanin is the principal pigment giving to the skin its colour) Tyrosinase is normally inactive and is produced through the transcription of the tyrosinase gene Glycolization (attachment of a sugar) of tyrosinase activates it. Glycolization is induced by sunlight, irritation, hormones, radicals… Activated tyrosinase then converst the amino acid tyrosine…
DetailsEthymology melasma comes from the Greek word “melas” which means black chloasma comes from the Greek word “chloe” which means green grass Epidemiology Geographical Factors affected 5 million people in the USA in 1955 affects 8.8% of Latino (Hispanic) females affects 40% of females in South-East Asia affects 80% of males in South-East Asia !…
DetailsL-ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) Is an antioxidant Is used in the treatment of disorders of pigmentation including melasma (chloasma) (pregnancy mask) Alters the color of melanin from jet black to light tan Unstable as quickly oxidized Bibliography: Katsambas A (Conflicts of Interest: Abbott, Janssen-Cilag, Leo Pharma, Merck, Schering-Plough). Melasma: Pathogenesis and Treatment. 70e Réunion annuelle…
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