Kojic acid It is a fungal metabolite which inhibits the enzyme tyrosinase. It binds to copper which becomes unusable by melanocytes. It is used at a concentration of 1% Its therapeutical effets are weak to moderate. Contributors: Dr Christophe HSU – dermatologist. Geneva, Switzerland Bibliography: Katsambas A. Melasma: Pathogenesis and Treatment. 70th Annual Meeting of…
Kojic acid It is a fungal metabolite which inhibits the enzyme tyrosinase. It binds to copper which becomes unusable by melanocytes. It is used at a concentration of 1% Its therapeutical effets are weak to moderate. Contributors: Dr Christophe HSU – dermatologist. Geneva, Switzerland Bibliography: Katsambas A. Melasma: Pathogenesis and Treatment. 70th Annual Meeting of…
Hydroquinone (HQ) Mechanism of action: hydroquinone inhibits activated tyrosinase activity (therefore it does not act on normal skin). A word on available concentrations: 2%: often ineffective 3-5%: good bleaching agent 6-10%: higher concentrations can cause irritation Side effects: Contact dermatitis (Both Allergic and Irritant) Nail Discoloration Exogenous Ochrnosis can rarely occur in dark skin individuals…
Hydroquinone (HQ) Mechanism of action: hydroquinone inhibits activated tyrosinase activity (therefore it does not act on normal skin). A word on available concentrations: 2%: often ineffective 3-5%: good bleaching agent 6-10%: higher concentrations can cause irritation Side effects: Contact dermatitis (Both Allergic and Irritant) Nail Discoloration Exogenous Ochrnosis can rarely occur in dark skin individuals…
Treatment of Melasma (Chloasma) (Pregnancy Mask) Available treatments can be classified into the following: Phenolic: Hydroquinone (HQ), Kojic acid, N-acetylglycosamine (inhibits the glycolization of tyrosinase) Non Phenolic: Azelaic Acid, Retinoids, N-acetylcysteine Compound: Kligman’s formula… Contributors: Dr Christophe HSU – dermatologist. Geneva, Switzerland Bibliography: Katsambas A. Melasma: Pathogenesis and Treatment. 70e Réunion annuelle de l’AAD (American…
Treatment of Melasma (Chloasma) (Pregnancy Mask) Available treatments can be classified into the following: Phenolic: Hydroquinone (HQ), Kojic acid, N-acetylglycosamine (inhibits the glycolization of tyrosinase) Non Phenolic: Azelaic Acid, Retinoids, N-acetylcysteine Compound: Kligman’s formula… Contributors: Dr Christophe HSU – dermatologist. Geneva, Switzerland Bibliography: Katsambas A. Melasma: Pathogenesis and Treatment. 70e Réunion annuelle de l’AAD (American…
Recognizing melasma Melasma can be epidermal, dermal or mixed However, Wood’s light does no reliably define the depth of pigment Reflectance confocal microscopy is a more definitve method of doing so. Clinical Assesment of melasma is done through MASI (Melasma Area Severity Index) Melasma (Chloasma) (Pregnancy Mask): Differential Diagnosis: Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) Drug-induced (minocycline…) Frictional…
Recognizing melasma Melasma can be epidermal, dermal or mixed However, Wood’s light does no reliably define the depth of pigment Reflectance confocal microscopy is a more definitve method of doing so. Clinical Assesment of melasma is done through MASI (Melasma Area Severity Index) Melasma (Chloasma) (Pregnancy Mask): Differential Diagnosis: Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) Drug-induced (minocycline…) Frictional…
How is melanin produced ? (melanin is the principal pigment giving to the skin its colour) Tyrosinase is normally inactive and is produced through the transcription of the tyrosinase gene Glycolization (attachment of a sugar) of tyrosinase activates it. Glycolization is induced by sunlight, irritation, hormones, radicals… Activated tyrosinase then converst the amino acid tyrosine…
How is melanin produced ? (melanin is the principal pigment giving to the skin its colour) Tyrosinase is normally inactive and is produced through the transcription of the tyrosinase gene Glycolization (attachment of a sugar) of tyrosinase activates it. Glycolization is induced by sunlight, irritation, hormones, radicals… Activated tyrosinase then converst the amino acid tyrosine…
