Mikhail Gorbachev (Михаи́л Серге́евич Горбачёв; b1931) was the last leader of the Soviet Union (USSR; Chairman  of the Presidium of the Soviet Supreme) from 1988 to its fall in 1991. He is famous for having implemented policies to end the cold-war: glasnost (“openness”) perestroika (“restructuring”) To this end, he was awarded to Nobel Peace Prize

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