George Orwell (Eric Blair; 1903-1950) was one of the most influential of English writers in the 20th century. He wrote famous books such as 1984 (written in 1948): this masterpiece shows what totalitarian rule can be and even nowadays it displays how people can be manipulated to maintain society as it is. He was a…
DetailsRichard Nixon (1913-1994) served as the President of the United States from 1969 to 1974, when he resigned because of the Watergate scandal. It is interesting to see that most people see him as a tense figure in debates, especially the one he had against Kennedy in 1960 (which he lost): in the video above…
DetailsIndira Gandhi (ইন্দিৰা গান্ধী; 1917-1984) was the prime minister of India from in 1966 to 1977 (2 terms). She is the daughter of J.Nehru. She held a third term from 1980 to 1984, when she was assassinated. She has the characteristic white forelock of piebaldism: Piebaldism is inherited in an autosomal dominant way and is…
DetailsFor one, this term is not originally from Latin and Greek, but from English and French: “Pie-” (french) = magpie (a bird) The french word has been adopted in the English. “-bald” comes from English (lack of hair) pie-bald = varriagated and partly coloured like a magpie. This term is also used to describe white…
DetailsThe development of psoriasis has been observed in anti-TNF therapies for the treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis, Ankylosing Spondylitis and Behcet’s disease. Its incidence is estimated to occur in around 5% of cases and is more frequent in females than males. It occurs 5 days to several months after the initiation of treatment in patients in…
DetailsUltraviolet damage mostly comes from the generation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) The enzymes responsible for the synthesis of ROS (oxygen singulets, O2. and 1O2) are Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and Catalase. They are present in higher quantities in in the Stratum Corneum (SC) than in the lower epidermis and dermis Carbonylated Proteins (CP) are the…
DetailsNot all consumers developed white blotching after applying rhododendrol (rhododenol)-containing products All treatment areas didn’t necessarily develop white blotchingThe authors performed cell cultures on normal human melanocytes Results high doses (1500micromol and 3000micromol) had a cytotoxic effect apoptosis was observed at 3000micromol (through activation of caspase 3) low doses of 300-900micromol inhibited melanogenesis (downregulation of…
DetailsRhododenol (Rhododendrol) is phenolic compound known to induce leucoderma. Another similar compound causing this is hydroquinone monomethyl ether The authors did a study in human melanoma B16f10 cells: Rhododenol 4, 4-hydroxyphenyl (R44HPB) 2-butanol increased The ROS (Radical Oxygen Species) H2O2 in B16f10cells The increase in the ROS H2O2 occurs when R44HPB is oxydized into quinone-tyrosinase.…
DetailsThis study suggests an objective way to follow-up of rhododenol-induced vitiligo by skin absorption spectrum analysis A word on Rhododenol (Rhododendrol): Rhododendrol (Rhododenol) is is derived from the white birch tree it inhibits tyrosinase activity and melanin synthesis Vitiligo-like lesions were observed and in march 2014, 14000 cases were reported in Japan alone In this…
DetailsRhododendrol (Rhododenol, RD) created a big problem in Japan, when 14000 induced cases of vitiligo-like lesions were reported. It is known that Rhodoendol is cytoxic against melanocytes in a Tyrosinase dependent way cytotoxicity The authors suggest a new mouse model for the study of this effect: hk14-scf/HRM Tg Mice become albino (fully depigmented) through suppression…
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